HTML Introduction

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the standard language used to create web pages. Every website you visit, from a small blog to a big shopping site, is built with HTML at its base.

HTML is not a programming language, because it has no logic like loops or conditions. It is a markup language: you mark parts of your content with tags, to tell the browser what each part is, like a heading, a paragraph, an image or a link.

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What does HTML do?

• HTML gives structure to a web page: headings, paragraphs, lists, tables, forms and so on.
• HTML connects pages with links (this is the “hypertext” part).
• A web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge) reads the HTML file and shows it as a page.

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HTML, CSS and JavaScript

A web page is made with three technologies that work together.

Technology	Job	Like a house
HTML	Content and structure	The walls and rooms
CSS	Colours, fonts and layout	Paint and decoration
JavaScript	Behaviour and interaction	Electricity and doors that move

You should learn HTML first, then CSS, then JavaScript.

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A very short history

• Tim Berners-Lee created HTML in the early 1990s at CERN, to share documents between scientists.
• HTML 4.01 came in 1999 and ruled the web for many years.
• HTML5 became an official recommendation in 2014. It added semantic tags, audio, video and canvas.
• Today HTML is maintained as a “living standard” by WHATWG, so it keeps getting small updates and there is no HTML6 planned. We simply call it HTML.

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Your first HTML page

Here is a complete, small web page. Do not worry about every line now, we will learn each part in the next chapters.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <title>My First Page</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
  <p>This is my first web page.</p>
</body>
</html>

The browser shows only the content of the <body> part. This is what you will see:

The title “My First Page” is shown on the browser tab, not on the page.

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What do you need to start?

• A text editor, like Notepad, VS Code or Sublime Text.
• A web browser.
• No installation or server is needed. Save the file with the .html extension and open it in the browser.

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Summary

• HTML is the markup language for web pages.
• It uses tags to tell the browser what each part of the content is.
• HTML works with CSS (style) and JavaScript (behaviour).
• Next: write your own page in HTML First Program.

• Next Page

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Exercises & Assignments
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Interview Questions & Answers
What is the full form of HTML?