PHP Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

PHP divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators

PHP Operators with Example

Arithmetic operators

The PHP arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.

• Operator Name Example Result
• + Addition $x + $y Sum of $x and $y
• - Subtraction $x - $y Difference of $x and $y
• * Multiplication $x * $y Product of $x and $y
• / Division $x / $y Quotient of $x and $y
• % Modulus $x % $y Remainder of $x divided by $y
• ** Exponentiation $x ** $y Result of raising $x to the $y'th power (Introduced in PHP 5.6)

<?php 
$x = 8; 
$y = 2;
 
echo $x + $y."\n";
echo $x - $y."\n";
echo $x * $y."\n";
echo $x / $y."\n";
echo $x % $y."\n";
echo $x ** $y."\n";
?>   

Run : http://ideone.com/EwZM3b

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Assignment operators

The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable.

The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=". It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

• Assignment Same as… Description
• x = y x = y The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right
• x += y x = x + y Addition
• x -= y x = x - y Subtraction
• x *= y x = x * y Multiplication
• x /= y x = x / y Division
• x %= y x = x % y Modulus

<?php 
$x = 10; 
$y = 20;

$res=$x = $y;
echo $res."<br>";
 
$res= $x += $y;
echo $res."<br>";

$res= $x -= $y;
echo $res."<br>";
 
$res= $x *= $y;
echo $res."<br>";

$res= $x /= $y;
echo $res."<br>";

$res= $x %= $y;
echo $res."<br>";
?>

Run : http://ideone.com/U8sJHv

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Comparison Operators

The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):

• Operator Name Example Result
• == Equal $x == $y Returns true if $x is equal to $y
• === Identical $x === $y Returns true if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type
• != Not equal $x != $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
• <> Not equal $x <> $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
• !== Not identical $x !== $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type
• > Greater than $x > $y Returns true if $x is greater than $y
• < Less than $x < $y Returns true if $x is less than $y
• >= Greater than or equal to $x >= $y Returns true if $x is greater than or equal to $y
• <= Less than or equal to $x <= $y Returns true if $x is less than or equal to $y

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Increment / Decrement Operators

The PHP decrement operators are used to decrement a variable’s value.

• Operator Name Description
• ++$x Pre-increment Increments $x by one, then returns $x
• $x++ Post-increment Returns $x, then increments $x by one
• --$x Pre-decrement Decrements $x by one, then returns $x
• $x-- Post-decrement Returns $x, then decrements $x by one

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Logical Operators

The PHP logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

• Operator Name Example Result
• and And $x and $y True if both $x and $y are true
• or Or $x or $y True if either $x or $y is true
• xor Xor $x xor $y True if either $x or $y is true, but not both
• && And $x && $y True if both $x and $y are true
• || Or $x || $y True if either $x or $y is true
• ! Not !$x True if $x is not true

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String Operators

PHP has two operators that are specially designed for strings.

• Operator Name Example Result
• . Concatenation $txt1 . $txt2 Concatenation of $txt1 and $txt2
• .= Concatenation assignment $txt1 .= $txt2 Appends $txt2 to $txt1

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Array Operators

The PHP array operators are used to compare arrays.

• Operator Name Example Result
• + Union $x + $y Union of $x and $y
• == Equality $x == $y Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs
• === Identity $x === $y Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types
• != Inequality $x != $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
• <> Inequality $x <> $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
• !== Non-identity $x !== $y Returns true if $x is not identical to $y

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PHP Operators – Assignment & Exercises
Write a program to add two numbers ’10’ and ‘5’
Write a program to subtract number ‘3’ from ’12’
Write a program to subtract number ’10’ from ‘5’
Write a program to multiply two numbers ‘7’ and ’11’
Write a program to divide ’10’ by ‘4’ (10/4) and check the output.
Write a program to check the remainder (using Modulus), when ’10’ divided by ‘4’.

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Exercises & Assignments
Write a PHP program to add two numbers
Write a PHP program to check whether a number is positive, negative or zero

Interview Questions & Answers
What is the difference between == and === Operators in PHP?