Your First C++ Program: Hello World
The classic first program prints a message on the screen.
#include <iostream>
int main() {
std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output
Hello, World!
Understand every line
| Code | Meaning |
|---|---|
| #include <iostream> | Adds the input and output library, so we can use std::cout |
| int main() | The starting point. Every C++ program has one main |
| { } | A block of code |
| std::cout | The standard output stream (the screen). std:: means it is in the std namespace |
| << | The insertion operator: sends the text to the stream |
| std::endl | A new line, and it also flushes the output |
| return 0; | Tells the system that the program ended well. In main it is optional |
Newline: \n or std::endl
#include <iostream>
int main() {
std::cout << "First line\n";
std::cout << "Second line" << std::endl;
std::cout << "Tab:\tdone\n";
}
Output
First line
Second line
Tab: done
'\n' is faster. std::endl also flushes the buffer, which is slow if you do it many times.
The new way: std::print (C++23)
C++23 has std::print and std::println, which are easy and use the same format as std::format:
#include <print>
int main() {
std::println("Hello, {}!", "World");
std::println("{} + {} = {}", 2, 3, 2 + 3);
}
Output
Hello, World!
2 + 3 = 5
Your compiler must support it (GCC 14 or newer, recent Clang and MSVC).
What if there is a mistake?
#include <iostream>
int main() {
std::cout << "Hello"
return 0;
}
Output
Oops.cpp: In function 'int main()':
Oops.cpp:4:25: error: expected ';' before 'return'
4 | std::cout << "Hello"
| ^
| ;
5 | return 0;
| ~~~~~~
Read the error from the top. It shows the file, the line and what is expected.
Common beginner mistakes
- A missing semicolon
;at the end of a statement. - Forgetting
#include <iostream>. - Writing
coutwithoutstd::(or withoutusing namespace std;). - Using
>>for output or<<for input.
Note:
In real projects, avoid using namespace std; in header files. It can cause name clashes. Next: C++ Syntax.
Congratulations! Chapter Finished. Learn more about the similar topics:
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