C++ Introduction
C++ is a fast, general purpose programming language. It was created by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs, as an extension of C with classes, and it is one of the most used languages in the world. In the TIOBE index of November 2026, C++ is on the 4th place, and the C and C++ languages together are on the 3rd place of the PYPL index (Google tutorial searches).
What is C++ used for?
- Games and game engines (Unreal Engine is written in C++).
- Operating systems, browsers and databases (parts of Windows, Chrome and MySQL).
- High performance and real time software: finance, trading, robots, embedded devices.
- Graphics, simulation and machine learning libraries (the fast core of many tools is in C++).
Why learn C++?
- Speed: C++ is compiled to machine code, and it gives you control of the memory.
- Both low level and high level: you can write close to the hardware and also use classes, templates and the standard library.
- Strong base: after C++, other languages like Java, C# and Rust are easier to understand.
- Many jobs in systems, games and performance work.
C++ standards
C++ is standardized by ISO. A new standard comes about every three years: C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20 and C++23 (the newest published one). A newer one, C++26, is in the approval process. This tutorial uses C++23 and was tested with GCC 16:
Terminal
$ g++ –version | head -1
g++ (GCC) 16.2.0
A first look
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string language = "C++";
int year = 1985;
std::cout << "Hello from " << language << "! First commercial release: " << year << '\n';
}
Output
Hello from C++! First commercial release: 1985
What you will learn
- Install a compiler and run your first program.
- Variables, types, operators, strings, input and output.
- Decisions and loops, arrays, vectors and functions.
- References, pointers and dynamic memory (with smart pointers).
- Classes, inheritance, polymorphism, operator overloading and templates.
- The STL (containers and algorithms), lambdas, exceptions and files.
- Modern C++: move semantics, ranges,
std::format,std::printand threads.
Note:
All the outputs on this website are from real runs, compiled with g++ -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra. You can type the same code and compare. Next chapter: C++ History and Versions.
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