What is the difference between == and equals() in Java?

For primitives, == compares the values. For objects, == checks if both variables point to the same object. The equals() method checks if the content is the same (if the class overrides it, like String does).

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String a = "java";
        String b = "java";
        String c = new String("java");

        System.out.println(a == b);        // same object in the string pool
        System.out.println(a == c);        // different objects
        System.out.println(a.equals(c));   // same text
        System.out.println(5 == 5);
    }
}

See Java Strings.

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