What is encapsulation in Java?

Encapsulation is hiding the data of a class and allowing access only through methods. You make the fields private and write public getters and setters, which can check the values.

class Account {
    private double balance;

    public double getBalance() { return balance; }

    public void deposit(double amount) {
        if (amount <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Amount must be positive");
        balance += amount;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account a = new Account();
        a.deposit(500);
        System.out.println(a.getBalance());
    }
}

Read Java Encapsulation and Access Modifiers.

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