What is an exception in Java? What are checked and unchecked exceptions?

An exception is an event which stops the normal flow of the program. Java gives an object of the exception, and you can catch it with try and catch.

Type	Must handle?	Example
Checked	Yes, the compiler forces it	IOException, SQLException
Unchecked (RuntimeException)	No	NullPointerException, ArithmeticException
Error	No, do not catch	OutOfMemoryError

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            System.out.println(10 / 0);
        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
            System.out.println("Caught: " + e.getMessage());
        } finally {
            System.out.println("finally runs always");
        }
    }
}

See Java Exceptions.

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