C Student Records Program Using Structure and File

This program saves the records of students in a file with fwrite(), and then reads them back with fread(). A structure keeps the data of one student. A binary file stores the structure as it is in memory.

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student {
    int roll;
    char name[20];
    float marks;
};

int main(void) {
    struct Student list[3] = {
        {1, "Robin", 85.5f},
        {2, "Maria", 92.0f},
        {3, "John", 78.5f}
    };
    struct Student s;

    // write the records
    FILE *fp = fopen("records.dat", "wb");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("Cannot open the file\n");
        return 1;
    }
    fwrite(list, sizeof(struct Student), 3, fp);
    fclose(fp);

    // read the records back
    fp = fopen("records.dat", "rb");
    if (fp == NULL) return 1;

    printf("Roll  Name    Marks\n");
    while (fread(&s, sizeof(struct Student), 1, fp) == 1) {
        printf("%-5d %-7s %.1f\n", s.roll, s.name, s.marks);
    }
    fclose(fp);
    return 0;
}

Output:

How it works

• fwrite(ptr, size, count, file) writes count items of size bytes each.
• fread() returns the number of items read, so the loop stops at the end of the file.
• The mode "wb" and "rb" means binary write and read.

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