What is a virtual environment in Python?

A virtual environment is an isolated folder that has its own Python packages for one project. It stops different projects from clashing, for example when one needs version 1 of a library and another needs version 2.

Create and use it with these commands. The first command is the same everywhere.

python -m venv venv

Activate it on macOS or Linux:

source venv/bin/activate

Activate it on Windows:

venv\Scripts\activate

Now install packages with pip, the Python package installer. They go only into this environment.

pip install requests
pip freeze > requirements.txt
pip install -r requirements.txt

pip freeze saves the list of installed packages, and the last command installs them again on another computer. Type deactivate to leave the environment.

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