How does Python do compile-time and run-time checking?

Python checks only a small part at compile time, which is when the source is turned into bytecode. This step finds syntax errors, like a missing colon or wrong indentation. Most other checks, such as names and types, happen at run time, when that line actually runs.

def show():
    print(undefined_name)

print("Program started")
show()

Output:

The code compiled without any problem, even though undefined_name does not exist. The error came only when show() was called. A syntax error is different: the program does not start at all. This is the cost of a dynamically typed language, so good tests are important.

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