What is pickling and unpickling in Python?

Pickling is the process of converting a Python object into a stream of bytes so it can be saved in a file or sent over a network. Unpickling is the reverse: reading those bytes and rebuilding the original object. Both are done with the built-in pickle module.

import pickle

data = {"name": "Robin", "marks": [90, 85]}

with open("data.pkl", "wb") as f:
    pickle.dump(data, f)

with open("data.pkl", "rb") as f:
    loaded = pickle.load(f)

print(loaded)

Output:

Files must be opened in binary mode (wb and rb). Important: never unpickle data from a source you do not trust, because it can run harmful code. For data that other programs or languages also need, JSON is the safer choice.

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