CSS Links

A link can be in four states, and CSS has a pseudo-class for each of them.

Pseudo-classState
a:linkA normal link that has not been visited
a:visitedA link the visitor has already opened
a:hoverThe mouse is over the link
a:activeThe link is being clicked
a:link    { color: #0073aa; }
a:visited { color: purple; }
a:hover   { color: red; text-decoration: underline; }
a:active  { color: orange; }
Note: The order matters: link, visited, hover, active. If you change it, some states stop working. An easy way to remember it is “LoVe HAte”.

Remove the underline

a { text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

A link as a button

a.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 10px 22px;
  background: #0073aa;
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 4px;
  text-decoration: none;
}
a.btn:hover { background: #005177; }
How the button looks (hover colour does not show in this box)

On your own page, the button becomes darker when the mouse is over it.


Focus state

Add a:focus (or a:focus-visible) so keyboard users can see which link is selected. See CSS Outline.


Summary

  • Style links with :link, :visited, :hover and :active, in this order.
  • Use display: inline-block with padding to make a button link.
  • Next: CSS Lists.

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