What is the difference between actions and filters in WordPress?

Both are hooks, and both are added with a callback function.

Point	Action	Filter
Add	add_action()	add_filter()
Run	do_action()	apply_filters()
Purpose	Do something (print, save, send)	Change a value
Return	Nothing	The changed value, always

add_action( 'tc_before', function () { echo "action: runs, returns nothing\n"; } );
do_action( 'tc_before' );

add_filter( 'tc_title', function ( $title ) { return strtoupper( $title ); } );
echo 'filter: ' . apply_filters( 'tc_title', 'hello' );

The most common mistake in a filter is to forget return, which makes the value empty. Read Hooks: Actions and Filters.

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