What is the difference between cout and printf in C++?

Point	std::cout	printf	std::print (C++23)
Language	C++	C	C++23
Type safe	Yes	No	Yes
Format	Stream operators <<	%d, %s codes	{} placeholders
Custom types	With operator<<	No	With std::formatter

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <print>

int main() {
    int n = 5;
    double d = 2.5;
    std::cout << "cout: " << n << " " << d << '\n';
    std::printf("printf: %d %.1f\n", n, d);
    std::println("print: {} {:.1f}", n, d);
}

With printf a wrong code like %s for an int compiles but can crash. See C++ Input and Output.

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