JavaScript Strings

A string is text. Write it inside single quotes, double quotes or backticks.

let a = "Hello";
let b = 'World';
let c = `Hello World`;
console.log(a + " " + b);

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Template literals

Backticks allow a variable or any expression inside ${ }, and strings on many lines.

let name = "Robin";
let age = 25;
console.log(`Name: ${name}, next year age: ${age + 1}`);

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Common string methods

Strings cannot be changed. Every method returns a new string.

let s = "Hello, World";

console.log(s.length);
console.log(s.toUpperCase());
console.log(s.toLowerCase());
console.log(s.slice(0, 5));
console.log(s.indexOf("World"));
console.log(s.replace("World", "JS"));
console.log(s.split(", "));
console.log(s.includes("lo"));
console.log(s.startsWith("Hello"));
console.log("  hi  ".trim());
console.log("ab".repeat(3));
console.log("5".padStart(3, "0"));

Method	Use
length	Number of characters (a property, no brackets)
slice(start, end)	A part of the string
indexOf(text)	Position of the text, or -1
replace(old, new)	Replaces the first match
split(sep)	Breaks into an array
includes(), startsWith(), endsWith()	Checks
trim()	Removes spaces at both ends
repeat(n), padStart()	Repeat and pad

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Characters by position

let word = "JavaScript";
console.log(word[0]);
console.log(word.at(-1));

at(-1) gives the last character.

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Escape characters

console.log("She said \"Hi\"");
console.log("Line 1\nLine 2");

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Summary

• Use backticks and ${ } to put values in strings.
• String methods return new strings.
• Next: Numbers and Math.

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Exercises & Assignments
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Interview Questions & Answers
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