MySQL Date Functions

Dates are stored in the format YYYY-MM-DD. These functions help to read and calculate dates.

SELECT NOW(), CURDATE(), CURTIME();

NOW() gives the current date and time, CURDATE() only the date, and CURTIME() only the time. The result is different every moment.

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Functions with a fixed date

SELECT
  YEAR('2025-01-15')                       AS y,
  MONTHNAME('2025-01-15')                  AS month_name,
  DAYNAME('2025-01-15')                    AS day_name,
  DATE_FORMAT('2025-01-15', '%d/%m/%Y')    AS formatted,
  DATEDIFF('2025-01-31', '2025-01-15')     AS days_between,
  DATE_ADD('2025-01-15', INTERVAL 10 DAY)  AS plus_ten_days,
  DATE_SUB('2025-01-15', INTERVAL 1 MONTH) AS minus_one_month;

Function	Use
NOW(), CURDATE()	Current date and time
YEAR(), MONTH(), DAY()	Parts of a date
DATE_FORMAT(date, format)	Shows the date in your format
DATEDIFF(a, b)	Days between two dates (a – b)
DATE_ADD(), DATE_SUB()	Add or subtract a time
TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit, a, b)	Difference in years, months, hours and more

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Format codes of DATE_FORMAT

Code	Meaning	Example
%d	Day of the month	15
%m	Month number	01
%M	Month name	January
%Y	Year, 4 digits	2025
%H:%i:%s	Hours, minutes, seconds	10:30:00

-- orders of the last 7 days
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE order_date >= DATE_SUB(CURDATE(), INTERVAL 7 DAY);

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Summary

• NOW() and CURDATE() give the current date.
• Use DATE_FORMAT to show, DATEDIFF and DATE_ADD to calculate.
• Next: Transactions.

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