What is the static keyword in C++?

• Static local variable: keeps its value between calls.
• Static data member: one copy for the whole class.
• Static member function: can be called without an object, and has no this.
• Static at file level: the name is visible only in that file.

#include <iostream>

int next_id() {
    static int id = 0;           // set only once
    return ++id;
}

struct Counter {
    static inline int total = 0;
    Counter() { total++; }
};

int main() {
    std::cout << next_id() << next_id() << next_id() << '\n';
    Counter a, b;
    std::cout << Counter::total << '\n';
}

See Static Members.

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