C Nested Loops

A loop inside another loop is called a nested loop. For each round of the outer loop, the inner loop runs completely. Nested loops are used for tables, patterns and two dimensional data.

Multiplication table grid

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {
            printf("%4d", i * j);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

Output:

The outer loop picks the row (i). The inner loop prints the columns (j). After each row, printf("\n") moves to the next line.

Star pattern

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
            printf("* ");
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

Output:

Number pattern

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
            printf("%d ", j);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

Output:

Next: C break Statement.

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